Ekkehard Peik is a clock-maker. However as a substitute of spending his days taking a look at tiny cogs and comes via a magnifying glass, the instruments of his commerce are highly effective lasers, wires and, often, radioactive atoms. Peik, director of the German metrology institute (PTB), is considered one of a handful of physicists who’ve spent the most effective a part of three a long time making an attempt to take advantage of correct timepiece within the universe.
For the reason that Fifties, researchers have been developing atomic clocks, the easiest of which at the moment are so correct they solely lose a second in round 31 billion years. However these are about to get replaced by a brand new mannequin: the nuclear clock.
This guarantees to outperform its atomic counterparts each by way of precision and accuracy. A nuclear clock would, in precept, solely drop a second each 300 billion years. Why, you would possibly ask, would we ever want one thing with such mind-blowing precision? As a result of will probably be used for one thing rather more thrilling than merely telling the time. Nuclear clocks may assist probe a few of the deepest mysteries of the universe, together with the character of darkish matter and a few of the elusive elementary forces that form our cosmos.
The tick of right now’s atomic clocks is the results of electrons that oscillate between a pair of shells across the nucleus of an atom. The transitions between these shells are pushed by shining lasers on the atoms concerned at simply the suitable frequency to match that of the oscillations, a state that is called resonance. This resonant frequency, the variety of oscillations of sunshine per second, units the…
