An array of sensors on the LUX-ZEPLIN darkish matter experiment in South Dakota
Matthew Kapust/Sanford Underground Analysis Facility
The most recent hunt for darkish matter has come up empty handed to date, however the upside is that physicists can now set the tightest constraints ever on the character of this mysterious substance. New measurements from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment in South Dakota imply we’re both nearer than ever to discovering particles of darkish matter or ruling out the preferred clarification for it.
Darkish matter doesn’t work together a lot with common matter or with gentle, so we are able to’t see it. We solely know that it exists due to its gravitational results, however these results point out it makes up over 80 per cent of all matter. The main clarification for darkish matter has lengthy been that it’s made up of weakly interacting huge particles (WIMPs), however hunts for these basic entities have discovered nothing but.
LUX-ZEPLIN, a darkish matter detector made of seven tonnes of liquid xenon buried 1.5 kilometres underground, is probably the most delicate but – however after 280 days of looking, it hasn’t discovered any WIMPs. “We’re the world’s best at not finding dark matter,” says LZ spokesperson Chamkaur Ghag at College Faculty London.
Whereas this end result could seem to be a disappointment, it has allowed physicists to put tight constraints on the character of darkish matter, decreasing the vary of properties it may have. The constraints are almost 5 instances tighter than the earlier greatest, drastically narrowing down the probabilities for WIMPs. This work was offered at two physics conferences – TeV Particle Astrophysics within the US and LIDINE in Brazil – on 26 August.
“It’s as if we’ve been told there’s some magical fish that lives in the ocean and we have no idea where it is,” says Ghag. “We get into the ocean, swim around, get out, get a snorkel, swim around, still don’t find it, get a submarine.” If the magical fish is a WIMP, researchers have now explored about 75 per cent of the ocean with out discovering it, he says.
“This is the next big step forward, and it’s one in a long line of such steps,” says Dan Hooper on the Fermi Nationwide Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois, who wasn’t concerned on this work. “In any one of these steps forward, it might be fair to say we don’t expect to see anything. But if you take enough of these steps, it seems not unlikely that we could see something.”
At this level, many initially fashionable concepts for attainable sorts of WIMPs have been dominated out. There are nonetheless some left, however LZ isn’t completed but – it’s anticipated to make 1000 days of observations in whole earlier than it ends in 2028. “If LZ doesn’t see WIMPs, and the next generation detector, XLZD, does not see WIMPs, it’s kind of over for WIMPs,” says Ghag. The XLZD mission continues to be within the planning section.
If WIMPs don’t make up darkish matter, that will likely be an enormous paradigm shift, however physicists gained’t quit totally on discovering darkish matter. “If you’re trying to solve a murder investigation, and you’ve got 20 suspects, and you find out that 10 of them have good [alibis], you don’t go, ‘well I guess there wasn’t a murder’. You just have a better idea of who the right suspect might be,” says Hooper. “We cross some of our suspects off the list, and the search gets narrower and more focused – that’s what progress looks like in this field.”
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